Since I struggeled a bit with the IR learning mode, I though I'd share how I solved the issue of the learning mode being a bit "clumsy".
I noticed that pressing the button on the original remote once, sometimes results in the app detecting it, sometimes not. Anyhow, even if it was learned, it rarely worked (e.g. when testing via the "trigger" option).
After playing around some time, I found a solution:
When being in learning mode, do not press the button on the original remote once, but rather press it multiple times with very short breaks between the presses (almost constantly).
You can confirm via the blinking green light on the X1 hub, that the button press has been detected multiple times. For me it required a detection of 2-3 presses in order to have the button work from the X1 remote afterwards.
I still requires some attempts eventually, but this way I could learn every button required from various remotes.
There also seems some detection in the X1 software, so multiple presses during learning normally do _not_ result in multiple triggers when using the X1, the button is just trigerred once. If you have the problem that the button signal is sent twice by the X1, it might be needed to slightly increase the interval between button presses during detection.
I hope this helps some people :)